沙罗竹人工林生长与立地条件的关系研究

对广东省罗定市泗纶镇沙罗竹人工林生长与地形因子和土壤理化性质之间的关系进行了分析研究。结果表明,地形部位、坡型、坡向、土壤质地、立竹密度等对沙罗竹平均胸径有显著影响;沙罗竹平均胸径与土壤水分、有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、有效硅质量分数呈显著正相关关系。回归分析结果表明,土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、有效镁质量分数及其组合是影响沙罗竹生长的主要养分因子。研究结果对沙罗竹林地选择和制定营林管理措施具有科学指导意义。     

基于第一原理的安全技术及其应用分析

分析了美国Sandia国家实验室在核武器研制过程中提出的基于第一原理的安全技术,总结了其技术要点及和常规安全技术的差异、联系,给出了基于第一原理的安全性设计方法的步骤.通过分析基于第一原理的安全技术在水坝、压力容器中的应用,指出应用于核武器安全性设计的第一原理同样适用于民用高危系统.     

风险分析基本方法探讨

面对未来不利事件的不确定性,对其情景的认识只能进行风险分析。人们研究出了许多的风险分析方法,但基本方法只有5种:发生概率计算法、暴露评价法、危险辨识法、期望值计算法和经验合成法。它们的共同点是:(1)明确具体风险内涵,框定风险问题涉及的系统;(2)涉及风险源、影响和后果;(3)进行不确定意义下的量化分析。由此我们总结出风险分析基本原理,并确认了自然灾害风险分析基本原理和自然灾害风险分析的基本模式。     

基于HYSPLIT4模式的天水市颗粒物输送路径

首先利用后向轨迹模式（HYSPLIT）模拟了天水市2017~2019年冬季后向轨迹,分析了50,200,500和1000m 4个不同高度以及500m高度不同聚类数量对路径输送聚类统计结果的影响,并以500m高度四个季节的后向轨迹进行聚类分析,进一步运用权重潜在源贡献分析法（WPSCF）,探讨了研究期间天水市细颗粒物的潜在源区及不同源区对天水市颗粒物浓度的贡献,结果表明,（1）起始点高度为500m时,颗粒物浓度极值比和极值差均较大,聚类结果最具代表性;（2）不同聚类数量分析结果表明,按照总空间变化（Total spatial variation,TSV）显著增加的原则选取的聚类数量较少,且能反映不同方向的轨迹输送特征;（3）天水市不同季节的轨迹聚类结果表明,冬季来自陕西南部的东南路径是PM_2.5污染程度最高的路径,该路径下PM_2.5浓度为78.2μg/m³,春季西北路径的颗粒物浓度最高,PM₁₀和PM_2.5的平均浓度分别是127.9~129.9和40.6~41.0 μg/m³,夏秋季节不同路径的颗粒物浓度相差不大.     

Multi-factor principle for electrolyte additive molecule design for facilitating the development of electrolyte chemistry

When I read the paper"Electrolytes enriched by potassium perfluorinated sulfonates for lithium metal batteries"from Prof. Jianmin Ma's group, which was published in Science Bulletin (doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.09.018), I felt excited as presented a multi-factor principle for applying potassium perfluorinated sulfonates to suppress the dendrite growth and protect the cathode from the viewpoint of electrolyte additives. The effects of these additives are revealed through experimental results, molecular dynamics simulations and first-principle calculations. Specifically, it involves the influence of additives on Li+ solvation structure, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), Li growth and nucleation. Following the guidance of the multi-factor principle, every part of the additive molecule should be utilized to regulate electrolytes. This multi-factor principle for electrolyte additive molecule design (EAMD) offers a unique insight on understanding the electrochemical behavior of ion-type electrolyte additives on both the Li metal anode and high-voltage cathode. In these regards, I would be delighted to write a highlight for this innovative work and, hopefully, it may raise more interest in the areas of electrolyte additives.     

The downfall of mating: the effect of mate-carrying and flight muscle ratio on the escape ability of a pierid butterfly

In many species, the ability to evade predators is known to be periodically impaired by increased weight loads due to feeding and reproduction. Not only may extra weight reduce escape speed, but feeding and mating can also make the prey more noticeable to visually hunting predators. A number of butterfly species mate for hours, and if a mating couple is disturbed, one of the butterflies is responsible for flying, whereas its partner remains still. This study investigated the ability of male Pieris napi butterflies to fly while mating, with the prediction that mate carrying impairs flight ability compared to single flying males and that males with relatively high flight muscle ratios (FMR; male thorax mass/male + female body mass) will have better flight performance in copula. Our results clearly show that whereas single males always take off at steep angles and fly upwards, couples invariably have a negative take-off angle and rarely gain height. Moreover, landing height of the couples is positively associated with higher FMR. Hence, male flight ability when in copula is positively associated with a high relative thorax mass. Butterfly pairs may thus be at greater risk of predation as a consequence of their impaired flight ability, especially couples with critically low FMRs (<16%).     

地球系统工程与区域环境问题调控的原则

论述了地球系统科学和工程研究的发展历史、研究对象和方法,及其在解决全球性环境危机中的作用;阐述了提高共识、言行一致、保护全球公共资源、实现可持续性目标等地球系统工程的基本原则. 论述了区域性与地球系统环境问题间的关系,提出区域环境问题调控的4条基本原则:系统性调控、区际公平、多方合作、综合手段和共同约束. 指出应注重应用地球系统科学与工程的理论与方法解决区域环境与生态问题;应深入探讨地球系统及区域环境与生态压力在中国现阶段的特征,统筹全局与长远调控区域环境问题;应开展长期连续观测和信息共享,创新调控全球与区域环境与生态的技术、方法.      

Integrating multi-criteria evaluation techniques with geographic information systems for landfill site selection: a case study using ordered weighted average

This paper presents a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approach for evaluating the suitability for landfill site selection in the Polog Region, Macedonia. The multi-criteria decision framework considers environmental and economic factors which are standardized by fuzzy membership functions and combined by integration of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and ordered weighted average (OWA) techniques. The AHP is used for the elicitation of attribute weights while the OWA operator function is used to generate a wide range of decision alternatives for addressing uncertainty associated with interaction between multiple criteria. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by different OWA scenarios that report landfill suitability on a scale between 0 and 1. The OWA scenarios are intended to quantify the level of risk taking (i.e., optimistic, pessimistic, and neutral) and to facilitate a better understanding of patterns that emerge from decision alternatives involved in the decision making process.     

气体悬浮吸收干法脱硫工艺

论述气体悬浮吸收（GSA）干法脱硫工艺过程、原理及特点,对该工艺在国内外实际工程中的应用作了介绍。     

城市环境综合整治定量考核中区域环境噪声达标值确定的探讨

以每个功能区面积占城市区域总面积的比例作为权系数,然后用加权平均法求出的城市区域环境噪声标准值来衡量整个域区的噪声水平,这样,在城市环境综合整治定量考核工作中对声环境状况评价真正做到定量化、标准化、针对城市的性质,规模,特征不同,也体现可比性。